Global Climates and Regional Classification

1. Forces that drive climate and their global patterns
   1. Solar Input – Earth’s energy budget
   2. Seasonal cycles
   3. Atmospheric circulation
   4. Oceanic circulation
   5. Landform effects
   6. Vegetation feedbacks
2. Variability in climate
   1. Seasonally (see I.B.)
   2. Yearly – El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
   3. Millenial D. Human impacts

Global Climate and Effects on Architecture Design

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Climate gives rise to predictable types of ecosystems

The temperature of a body determines wavelengths of energy emitted

Solar radiation has high energy (shortwave) that readily penetrates the atmosphere

Earth emits low-energy (longwave) radiation that is absorbed by different gases in the atmosphere

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Tropical Design Fundamentals: Passive Design

Contrast of Passive Cooling and Heating

• Passive design systems are techniques in lighting and ventilation, which primarily make use of natural energy sources such as solar radiation, ambient air, sky, wet surfaces, vegetation, internal gains etc. It minimizes or avoids the use of mechanical means in energy flow.
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• It maximize comfort for users.
• Minimize energy use and other impacts on the environment.
• Utilizing natural sources of energy, such as the sun and the wind, to provide heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting.

Passive Tropical Design Fundamentals

Passive Design have 2 basic forms:

1. Passive Cooling – utilizing natural means to reduce heat gain and maximize cooling the building

2. Passive Heating – utilizing natural means to conserve energy and retain heat inside the building

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Tropical Design Lecture 2: Local Climate And Solar Architecture

Lecture 2: Local Climate And Solar Architecture Tropical Design for Architecture – Philippines

• LOCAL CLIMATES are climates of comparatively small regions having fairly uniform / similar natural conditions.
• It is characterized by statistical conclusions drawn from long-term observations made by meteorological stations in the region.
• Determined by the nature of the ground surface in the given region—the topography, soil, vegetation, urban buildings.
• These features are significant in the lower layer of the atmosphere. They gradually level out with increasing altitude.

Relationship of Altitude to Landscape and Local Climate

TROPICAL DESIGN RESPONSES TO SUN AND LOCAL CLIMATE (TROPICAL)

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1. TOPOGRAPHY – the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
2. ORIENTATION – position of a building with respect to the sun
3. TRELLISES, PERGOLAS & COVERED WALKWAYS
4. OVERHANGS – Overhangs  are horizontal protruding elements, usually of the roof which may provide protection for lower levels.
5. SUNSHADING – Sunshade are external vertical structures, acting like a skin, that reduce the amount of radiation penetrating the building.

Bris Soleil – sun-shading structures

Exterior Sunshading Systems:

Horizontal Vertical Louvers

Kinds of Interior Sunshading Systems:

1. Window Blinds
2. Curtains
3. Glass Tinting
4. Block Panels
5. Screens
6. Grilles

6. THERMAL MASS – principle that describes how the mass of the building provides “inertia” against temperature fluctuations.
7. LANDSCAPE
8. DAYLIGHTING

Tropical Design Lecture 1: Global Climate and Solar Architecture

Lecture 1: Global Climate and Solar Architecture
Tropical Design for Architecture – Philippines

Tropical Design is the STRATEGIC arrangement of elements in buildings and structures to respond to specific conditions of weather, sun and climate prevalent in the Tropic Region.

Tropical Region – is a region above or below the Equator. The Tropic of Cancer is in the northern hemisphere and Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere.

Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn – are Geographical Locations in the Globe considered in the “Tropical Area”.